Pet Disease of the Month,
June, 97

Metabolic Bone Disease of Iguanas

Green Iguanas have always been a popular pet on Long Island. I've noticed that they are most popular with young adults, whom enjoy having a pet off the mainstream. I also attribute their popularity to the reptile museum, located in Hicksville.

The most common condition seen in green iguanas is metabolic bone disease (MBD). The signs of this disease include softening of the bones, most obviously, the jaw bone (mandible). Other signs include, firm swelling of the rear leg bones, thinning of the hips and tail. The iguana is usually lethargic, reluctant to move, and unable to eat. Sometimes, the mouth can become infected due to the loss of body condition and lack of nutrition.

 

What causes your Iguana to get MBD

Owners who have never owned an iguana before usually get this problem with MBD. They feed their iguanas one type of food, be it meat, or different (usually low calcium) veggies, but not both. No cereals, no fruit, and no vitamin/mineral supplements are provided, either. MBD occurs due to this dietary imbalance. There is a long term lack of dietary calcium, improper calcium:phosphorus ratio, lack of vitamin D, lack of ultraviolet light (or even sunlight), or protein deficiency. Besides dietary imbalances, MBD can also be due to diseases of the kidneys, liver, small intestine, thyroid gland, or parathyroid gland. However, the diagnosis is supported by the dietary history.

 

What to do if your Ignaua has MBD

Before you attempt to treat the iguana yourself, get the pet evaluated with an x-ray, and see if there are any leg or vertebral fractures. The mouth should be checked to see if there is any infection/swelling and if the iguana is able to eat. It won't do the iguana any good if it can eat the new diet. So, get the beast checked out.

If the veterinarian makes this diagnosis, he will offer calium and vitamin D parentally, which should be regimented with the seriousness of the disease. If the iguana is unable to eat, there are special gruel diets that can be prepared, or purchased. One can try a concoction of 1 part dry dog food, 1 part rabbit pellits (combined in a blender to make a powder), and then add to 6 parts non-citrus gatorade. This can be given via syringe (1/2 tsp per 100 gms of iguana) every day. Prepared diets are also available include Emeraid 2 (Lafeber), or A/D (Hills). However, these are not balanced diets, and should be used until the iguana could eat by itself.

Also, you could soak the iguana in shallow, luke-warm water for 10-20 minutes every day to encourage drinking and defecation. Fill the water so it goes halfway up the back. Watch the iguana while its in the water to prevent drowning.

How do I prevent my iguana from getting MBD

Feed a balanced diet!! Green iguanas are vegitarians, and in the wild, feed almost entirely on leaves of trees and vines. They are not grit or meat eaters, and do not, and never did require these in their diet. Green ignuans need to be fed a mixture of vegetables and fruits, with some protein supplementation.
Green Iguana Diet:

Juveniles - up to 2.5 years or 3 feet in length
Feed once a day
Plant matter chopped fine, medium, or shredded
90% plant material, 10% animal protein sources

Adults - over 2.5 years or 3 feet in length
Feed every day or every other day
Plant matter coarsely chopped
95% plant material, 5% animal proteins

Calcium rich veggies: 30-40% of the diet (use two or more items per feeding)
Turnip greens, mustard greens, beet greens, kale, collards, bok choy, Swiss chard, dandelions, parsley, romaine, escarole, spinach, alfalfa pellets

Other veggies: 30-40% of the diet, a variety weekly
Frozen mixed veggies (served at room temp), squash, zucchini, sweet potato, bell pepper, broccoli, peas, beans, okra, grated carrot, sprouts

Grain/Fiber: optional up to 20% - Whole grain breads and natural bran cereals

Fruits: no more than 15% of the diet
Figs, papaya, melon, apple, peaches, plums, strawberries, tomatoes, banana (with skin), grapes, and kiwi

Animal Protein sources: 5% of adult diet, 10% of juvenile
Insects: crickets, mealworms, king mealworms
Meats: cooked chicken, small prekilled mice
Commercial Pet Diets: soaked premium low-fat foods, primate diets, and trout chow.

Vitamin/Mineral Suppliementation
Good idea, but watch oversupplementation. check label.

 

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